Question 1

Aphasia

Accepted Answer

People with aphasia can have difficulty reading, writing, speaking and understanding language. It often develops after a stroke or injury damages the area of the brain that relates to language.

Question 2

Apraxia

Accepted Answer

People with apraxia know what they want to say, but have trouble forming the words. They may have trouble with reading, writing, swallowing and other motor skills.

Question 3

Articulation disorder

Accepted Answer

People with articulation disorders are unable to produce certain word sounds. For example, they may substitute one sound for another — like saying “wed” instead of “red” or “thith” instead of “this.”

Question 4

Cognitive-communication disorders

Accepted Answer

People with cognitive-communication disorders may have issues with memory, reasoning, problem solving, and executive functioning.

Question 5

Dysarthria

Accepted Answer

Dysarthria occurs when the muscles that control speech are weakened. This may be experienced as slurred and imprecise speech production. Common cause include stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophick lateral sclerosis (ALS), or other neurodegenerative disorders.

Question 6

Expressive delay / disorders

Accepted Answer

Expressive challenges include difficulties with sentence construction, vocabulary, word retrieval, and appropriate social language use. Expressive challenges may be related to developmental delays/disorders, neurogenic events, or hearing loss/deafness.

Question 7

Dysfluency

Accepted Answer

Stuttering and cluttering disrupt the flow, rhythm, and rate of speech production.

Question 8

Receptive

Accepted Answer

Receptive language challenges include difficulty comprehending, processing, reading, and spoken words. They may experience difficulties following directions, conversation, and reading comprehension.

Question 9

Voice disorders

Accepted Answer

Voice and Resonance differences impact vocal quality, pitch, volume, and nasality. Examples include: vocal nodules or polyps, cleft palate, or other structural changes.

C2C Resources

Understanding a speech or language disorder is the first and the most important step in advocating for support.

To help you get the most out of speech-language pathology, check out these additional resources:

Online Sources

A Glossary of Speech-Language Terms: